Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Manitoba [Province]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Manitoba [Province] Map : Manitoba [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,278,365	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,208,268	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.8	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	539,748	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	489,050	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.3	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	552,370.99	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,278,365	631,400	646,970	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	243,820	125,110	118,710	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	81,065	41,710	39,355	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	83,375	42,565	40,805	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	79,380	40,835	38,545	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	835,580	417,260	418,320	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	82,440	42,555	39,890	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	86,760	44,465	42,295	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	86,695	43,570	43,125	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	85,185	42,210	42,975	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	81,105	39,885	41,215	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	79,325	39,530	39,795	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	79,350	39,220	40,130	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	89,840	44,485	45,355	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	87,765	43,555	44,210	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	77,110	37,780	39,325	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	198,965	89,025	109,945	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	64,905	31,280	33,625	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	45,980	21,940	24,040	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	33,555	15,250	18,305	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	25,315	10,740	14,575	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	29,210	9,810	19,395	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	17,335	6,460	10,875	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	8,945	2,710	6,230	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	2,520	580	1,940	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	415	60	350	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1	19.8	18.3	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.1	64.7	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	15.6	14.1	17.0	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	39.2	38.2	40.2	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	38.3	37.2	39.4	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	489,050	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	331,420	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	39,080	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	108,120	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	15,865	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	17,225	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,065	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	67,205	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	755	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10,435	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	489,050	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	135,500	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	164,880	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	71,065	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	66,675	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	50,930	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,240,700	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,034,545	506,280	528,260	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	593,615	297,280	296,335	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	503,390	252,210	251,175	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	90,230	45,075	45,155	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	440,925	209,000	231,930	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	300,415	162,440	137,980	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	24,845	11,080	13,765	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	54,860	22,780	32,080	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	60,805	12,700	48,100	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	346,160	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	171,435	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	71,630	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	65,500	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	37,600	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	346,160	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	287,200	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	242,100	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	45,100	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	58,960	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	45,930	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	13,025	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	287,205	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	137,135	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	150,070	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	55,730	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	59,965	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	34,375	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	58,960	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	15,895	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	8,765	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	212,415	104,435	107,980	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	489,050	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	323,125	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	130,475	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	192,650	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	11,110	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	154,815	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	135,495	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	19,315	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	1,135,395	566,980	568,410	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	1,485	680	800	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	108,460	49,205	59,255	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	16,285	7,235	9,050	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	1,203,025	596,475	606,550	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	39,200	18,880	20,325	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	3,545	1,755	1,790	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	15,840	6,985	8,860	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40,975	19,760	21,215	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.3	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	1,230,115	608,820	621,300	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	941,130	468,430	472,705	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	900,610	448,960	451,645	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	40,520	19,465	21,055	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	288,985	140,395	148,590	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	29,710	14,265	15,440	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	28,070	13,505	14,565	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	5	0	5	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,820	7,085	7,740	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	0	0	5	100	50	55
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	30	5	20	315	125	190
Plains Cree	70	25	40	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	745	305	440	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	65	20	40	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	13,915	6,725	7,195	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	0	5	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	10	5	0	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	13,235	6,410	6,825	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	6,730	3,180	3,550	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	6,505	3,235	3,265	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	815	375	445	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	815	380	440	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	0	0	0	190	85	105
Carrier	0	0	0	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	0	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	810	375	435	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	0	0	0	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	765	365	400
South Slavey	0	0	0	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	50	20	35
Haida	0	0	0	75	35	40
Inuit languages	80	20	60	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	65	20	45	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	5	0	0	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	80	40	40	465	230	235
Salish languages	0	0	0	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	5	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	630	305	330	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	630	305	325	1,215	570	635
Stoney	0	0	0	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	55	30	25
Tlingit	0	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	5	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	259,280	126,130	133,155	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,700	5,580	5,120	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	40	25	15	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	35	15	10	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	1,750	875	875	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	155	85	70	805	455	350
Oromo	345	175	170	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	1,245	610	640	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	365	195	170
Semitic languages	8,840	4,640	4,200	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	1,770	885	885	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	4,695	2,500	2,190	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	0	0	0	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	545	320	225	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	40	20	25	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	1,770	905	865	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,180	1,970	2,205	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	280	135	145	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	3,895	1,840	2,060	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	52,905	24,685	28,220	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	175	80	95	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	1,245	565	675	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	35	15	15	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	390	170	220	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	1,365	630	730	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	0	0	5	1,430	665	760
Malay	175	65	105	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	655	315	340	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	135	65	70	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	48,530	22,670	25,855	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	50	30	25	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	570	275	305	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	290	140	145	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	265	120	145	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	1,565	825	735	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	95	50	40	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	790	410	380	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	480	255	230	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	195	115	80	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	158,350	77,605	80,750	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	350	170	180	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	65	35	30	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	34,450	15,845	18,605	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	165	65	95	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	80	35	45	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	85	35	45	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	34,280	15,775	18,510	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	40	20	25	810	385	430
Bosnian	575	285	290	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	140	70	65	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	1,030	505	530	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	615	310	310	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	145	70	75	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	6,455	2,905	3,545	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	9,130	4,495	4,640	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	655	335	320	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	240	110	130	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	405	175	225	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	270	130	140	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	14,505	6,325	8,180	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	115	60	55	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	20	1,090	540	550
Welsh	60	30	30	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	530	295	235
Germanic languages	68,670	33,310	35,360	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	420	220	205	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	280	145	135	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	2,675	1,335	1,335	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	55	30	25	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	63,825	30,940	32,890	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	475	210	260	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	115	45	65	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	135	70	70	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	310	125	180	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	355	175	180	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	525	280	240
Greek	1,285	665	615	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	32,325	17,135	15,195	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	29,520	15,700	13,820	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	1,170	675	495	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	3,115	1,660	1,455	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	2,270	1,215	1,060	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	5	5	5	565	300	265
Konkani	35	20	15	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	135	80	50	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	720	355	365	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,320	9,650	8,670	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	60	30	30	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	670	345	320	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	3,015	1,655	1,355	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	2,705	1,365	1,335	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	415	210	200	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	275	130	150	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	2,020	1,030	990	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	21,100	10,385	10,710	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	0	0	5	865	440	425
Italian	3,840	1,910	1,930	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	6,585	3,190	3,390	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	645	310	335	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	10,005	4,965	5,040	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	720	380	340
Japanese	540	185	350	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	15	10	10	1,715	910	805
Georgian	15	5	5	1,715	910	805
Korean	3,760	1,810	1,950	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	20	5	15	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	3,895	1,965	1,930	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	150	90	65	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	75	25	45	1,535	815	720
Edo	40	20	15	1,670	770	900
Ewe	30	20	10	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	35	30	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	15	10	5	920	445	470
Ganda	50	20	30	1,295	625	665
Igbo	280	155	130	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	75	30	40	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	60	65	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	250	125	120	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	110	50	60	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	870	420	455	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	75	50	25	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	1,030	525	505	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	640	315	325	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	395	215	180	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	175	90	80	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	125	100	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	440	230	210	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	240	125	115	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	195	100	95	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,880	9,320	9,565	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	18,305	9,025	9,280	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	6,625	3,140	3,485	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	55	30	25	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	10,170	5,110	5,060	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	5	5	0	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	325	150	165	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	55	50	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,010	530	475	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	575	295	285	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	85	50	30	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	430	215	220	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	10	5	5	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	1,120	525	595	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	875	445	430	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	240	85	165	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	80	35	55
Turkic languages	340	190	150	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	30	20	15	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	210	120	95	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	10	5	10	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	40	25	15	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	1,440	655	790	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	30	10	15	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	225	85	135	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	1,185	550	635	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	155	85	70	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	31,505	15,280	16,220	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	4,365	2,140	2,230	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	25,965	12,530	13,440	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	695	380	315	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	470	230	245	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	1,197,145	593,020	604,120	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	1,052,345	521,280	531,065	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	1,035,475	513,465	522,010	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	16,865	7,815	9,055	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	144,800	71,740	73,060	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	15,770	8,020	7,750	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	15,070	7,675	7,390	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	7,570	3,860	3,715	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	10	5	0	110	55	60
Plains Cree	10	5	5	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	120	45	75	330	140	190
Woods Cree	15	10	5	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	7,415	3,790	3,620	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	7,495	3,820	3,675	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	2,505	1,280	1,225	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	4,990	2,545	2,455	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	630	305	330	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	0	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	0	0	0	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	15	5	10	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	10	5	0	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	10	5	10	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	35	25	10	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	35	25	10	255	140	120
Stoney	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	129,035	63,725	65,310	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,875	3,475	3,400	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	20	15	5	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	15	10	0	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	1,185	550	630	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	120	65	55	620	330	285
Oromo	210	95	115	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	845	385	460	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	185	85	95
Semitic languages	5,650	2,895	2,750	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	1,045	520	525	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	3,105	1,600	1,505	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	0	0	0	735	335	400
Hebrew	355	195	160	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	10	5	5	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	1,135	580	555	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,900	1,370	1,530	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	55	70	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	2,775	1,315	1,460	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	27,215	13,065	14,155	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	30	15	15	290	140	155
Cebuano	495	250	245	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	15	5	10	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	125	55	75	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	390	190	200	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	0	0	0	435	220	210
Malay	55	25	30	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	245	120	130	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	30	15	15	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,790	12,375	13,420	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	290	120	165	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	165	75	85	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	800	400	400	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	45	25	25	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	405	195	205	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	240	120	120	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	110	60	50	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	70,820	35,325	35,495	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	155	80	75	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	20	10	5	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	11,685	5,670	6,015	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	25	10	15	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	15	5	5	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	10	5	5	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	11,660	5,660	6,000	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	0	5	0	230	105	120
Bosnian	285	145	140	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	65	30	30	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	320	145	180	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	115	55	60	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	85	35	45	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	2,010	910	1,105	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	5,530	2,780	2,745	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	335	170	170	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	70	35	35	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	20	30	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	2,690	1,285	1,405	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	670	310	360
Celtic languages	20	15	10	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	185	105	80
Welsh	10	5	5	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	50	30
Germanic languages	25,825	12,700	13,125	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	200	100	100	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	10	5	5	855	410	445
Dutch	270	135	130	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	10	5	5	185	95	90
German	24,795	12,185	12,615	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	35	15	20	270	120	150
Norwegian	10	5	5	345	145	200
Swedish	10	5	5	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	355	170	185
Yiddish	10	5	5	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	225	1,625	820	810
Greek	535	255	280	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	22,810	11,920	10,890	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	21,010	11,055	9,950	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	690	390	305	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	2,100	1,095	1,005	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	1,335	715	620	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	0	0	0	135	70	70
Konkani	10	5	5	720	355	370
Marathi	40	25	20	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	540	265	280	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,000	7,330	6,670	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	30	10	15	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	360	190	170	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	1,895	1,035	860	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	1,755	835	920	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	275	135	140	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	165	70	95	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	1,315	635	685	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	9,765	4,670	5,090	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	0	0	0	355	165	190
Italian	1,035	450	590	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	2,800	1,305	1,500	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	235	110	125	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	5,695	2,810	2,885	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	180	85	95
Japanese	175	75	105	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	10	5	0	1,040	565	475
Georgian	10	5	5	1,035	565	475
Korean	2,915	1,430	1,490	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	910	440	470
Mongolian	5	5	5	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	1,410	695	720	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	45	30	20	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	15	5	5	340	180	160
Edo	5	5	0	415	175	240
Ewe	5	5	5	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	825	400	425
Ga	5	0	0	250	105	140
Ganda	5	0	0	345	160	185
Igbo	75	40	35	1,000	485	510
Lingala	40	20	20	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	35	35	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	55	50	1,530	670	865
Shona	10	5	10	1,035	475	560
Swahili	500	240	265	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	25	20	10	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	345	175	170	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	50	75	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	60	70	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	80	35	45	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	560	310	255	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	255	135	120	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	305	170	135	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,910	6,920	6,985	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	13,445	6,685	6,765	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	4,455	2,105	2,350	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	25	10	15	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	8,080	4,105	3,975	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	5	0	0	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	135	65	70	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	30	35	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	675	365	315	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	465	235	225	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	55	30	25	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	370	190	180	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	5	0	5	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	535	250	280	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	430	210	220	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	105	40	65	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15
Turkic languages	135	70	65	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	10	5	10	1,245	640	610
Turkish	65	35	35	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	0	0	0	610	315	290
Uzbek	35	20	15	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	455	230	225
Uralic languages	305	140	165	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	0	0	0	975	365	610
Finnish	35	15	15	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	270	125	145	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	64,475	31,080	33,400	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	3,090	1,440	1,645	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	60,090	28,995	31,090	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	415	215	205	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	885	420	455	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,261,615	624,095	637,520	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	1,079,050	535,990	543,065	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	76,350	37,795	38,550	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	20,200	9,130	11,075	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	83,315	39,860	43,455	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	16,105	7,590	8,515	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	67,215	32,275	34,940	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	305	150	150	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	1,610	815	790	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	770	345	420	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,001,305	491,590	509,715	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,035	467,790	486,250	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,188	40,379	29,220	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,205	467,820	486,390	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,465	35,150	26,561	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	859,545	431,145	428,400	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,592	39,229	26,692	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	701,840	309,530	392,310	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,268	1,890	5,434	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	722,785	374,850	347,935	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,677	39,365	28,679	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	953,960	467,575	486,385	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,767	51,068	36,747	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	954,175	467,605	486,565	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,957	41,013	31,097	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	859,575	431,035	428,540	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,776	50,803	34,704	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	701,830	308,940	392,890	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,099	6,411	7,640	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	722,785	374,535	348,250	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,551	49,417	35,168	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,001,310	491,580	509,725	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	350,580	201,335	149,245	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,026	54,580	44,818	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,523	65,410	51,581	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.0	91.7	83.1	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.6	77.4	68.6	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.0	8.3	16.9	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,001,310	491,585	509,720	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	47,270	23,800	23,470	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	954,040	467,790	486,245	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.2	95.4	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	137,700	62,550	75,150	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	150,320	58,320	91,995	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	136,510	54,950	81,560	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	123,685	55,805	67,885	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	109,710	54,650	55,060	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	80,625	45,170	35,460	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	58,785	35,250	23,535	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	43,365	26,465	16,895	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	34,000	20,100	13,905	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	21,980	13,545	8,440	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	57,355	40,985	16,370	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	40,870	28,585	12,285	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	16,490	12,395	4,090	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,001,305	491,585	509,720	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	47,100	23,770	23,330	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	954,205	467,820	486,390	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.2	95.4	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	142,035	63,525	78,510	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	161,865	63,410	98,460	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	165,880	68,985	96,895	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	153,680	73,335	80,350	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	116,415	63,755	52,660	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	78,105	46,940	31,160	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	53,870	32,165	21,705	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	31,690	19,680	12,010	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	50,655	36,025	14,630	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	18,025	12,260	5,760	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	10,325	7,305	3,015	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	22,305	16,460	5,850	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,001,305	491,590	509,720	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	278,525	116,740	161,775	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	722,785	374,845	347,940	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	72.2	76.3	68.3	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90,045	42,675	47,375	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	54,560	23,875	30,690	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	94,460	41,920	52,535	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	89,540	39,650	49,895	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	88,340	41,905	46,440	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	77,755	40,205	37,550	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	58,900	34,355	24,550	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	44,085	27,115	16,970	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	34,450	21,375	13,075	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	90,650	61,780	28,865	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	28,365	16,860	11,505	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	17,635	11,355	6,275	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	44,650	33,560	11,095	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	489,050	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,147	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,093	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	135,495	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,846	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,538	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	353,550	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,532	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,688	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	489,050	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,373	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,154	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	135,440	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,208	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,503	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	353,605	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,140	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,044	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	489,050	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	9,250	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,175	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,450	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,260	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	21,395	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,035	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,090	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	21,745	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	21,605	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,225	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,240	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	37,910	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,275	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,555	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	27,215	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	144,620	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	52,495	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,595	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	34,670	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	22,865	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	489,050	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	9,725	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,315	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,860	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	19,325	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	24,370	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,665	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,915	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	26,725	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25,965	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25,290	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	48,610	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	44,280	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	38,890	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,370	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	26,890	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	97,850	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	46,355	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,795	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	26,705	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	341,205	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,441	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,563	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	127,580	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,103	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,596	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	150,585	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,902	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,307	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	52,215	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,922	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,048	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	341,235	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,410	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,132	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	127,710	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,583	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,743	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	150,695	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,176	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,399	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	52,130	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,006	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,307	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	175,270	86,935	88,335	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,927	35,568	30,818	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,429	31,130	28,062	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	174,945	86,380	88,565	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,853	43,332	38,434	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,961	35,291	32,663	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	687,930	332,640	355,290	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	151,750	74,825	76,930	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	135,485	62,035	73,450	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	135,395	64,805	70,590	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	132,755	65,185	67,575	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	132,540	65,790	66,750	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	552,770	281,805	270,965	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	127,575	64,305	63,265	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	123,505	62,770	60,735	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	116,805	59,460	57,350	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	104,820	53,835	50,980	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	80,070	41,435	38,640	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,175,720	581,585	594,135	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	260,905	134,075	126,830	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	85,935	44,240	41,695	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	737,035	365,965	371,070	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	177,780	81,540	96,235	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	180,880	85,185	95,690	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	57,185	29,390	27,790	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	21,325	10,970	10,355	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	98,920	46,630	52,285	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	24,785	9,165	15,615	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	14.6	16.1	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	21.9	21.9	21.9	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	24.8	24.8	24.8	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	12.7	14.1	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	13.9	11.2	16.2	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	115,965	56,255	59,705	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	33,260	17,040	16,220	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	12,310	6,325	5,985	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	73,655	35,895	37,760	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	9,045	3,325	5,725	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.9	9.7	10.0	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.7	12.8	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.4	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.2	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	1,224,985	607,375	617,605	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	1,223,665	606,760	616,905	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	108,560	49,435	59,130	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	340,250	165,150	175,100	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	40,465	19,410	21,050	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	38,305	18,375	19,930	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	10	0	10	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	20,975	10,025	10,955	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	0	0	10	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	85	25	55	545	225	320
Plains Cree	190	90	100	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	1,140	505	640	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	130	65	65	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	19,435	9,340	10,095	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	10	10	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	17,710	8,520	9,185	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	10	0	0	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	9,685	4,560	5,125	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	8,045	3,975	4,070	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	1,120	525	595	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,110	520	590	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Beaver	0	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	0	0	0	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,150	535	610
Dene	1,110	520	595	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	0	0	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	0	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	85	35	50
Haida	0	0	0	465	205	260
Inuit languages	110	55	55	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	10	0	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	80	35	45	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	15	10	10	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	0	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	15	10	10	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	210	115	95	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	0	0	10	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	10	0	10	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	760	365	395	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	760	360	400	1,760	870	890
Stoney	0	0	0	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	0	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	10	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	15	20	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	299,900	145,795	154,110	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	15,730	8,320	7,410	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	85	50	40	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	45	25	20	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	2,300	1,195	1,105	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	210	120	85	1,085	625	470
Oromo	535	275	260	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	1,550	790	760	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	10	480	220	265
Semitic languages	13,685	7,300	6,390	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	2,475	1,370	1,105	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	6,650	3,590	3,055	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	0	10	0	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	3,370	1,735	1,635	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	65	30	35	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	2,225	1,175	1,050	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	80	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,230	2,545	2,685	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	335	185	150	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	4,905	2,370	2,535	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	65,305	30,220	35,090	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	225	100	125	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	1,615	805	810	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	65	35	30	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	425	180	245	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	1,875	880	990	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	0	0	0	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	375	180	195	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	945	415	530	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	205	100	110	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	64,165	29,640	34,520	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	115	55	55	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	200	80	120	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	1,310	605	705	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	635	310	315	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	680	305	375	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	1,840	945	895	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	175	95	80	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	830	400	430	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	655	330	325	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	255	150	110	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	175,950	86,435	89,510	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	390	195	195	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	65	50	15	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	39,530	18,780	20,745	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	230	90	140	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	115	45	70	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	120	50	65	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	39,360	18,720	20,640	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	65	25	45	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	835	405	430	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	155	95	60	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	1,595	765	825	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	735	335	395	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	140	75	60	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	7,655	3,625	4,035	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	13,455	6,715	6,740	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	870	470	400	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	190	75	115	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	480	215	260	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	275	100	175	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	17,095	7,795	9,305	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	225	125	100	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	90	65	25	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	90	45	45	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	68,285	33,250	35,035	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	715	330	385	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	270	120	150	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	3,120	1,555	1,565	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	90	65	30	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	61,760	30,170	31,600	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	560	225	335	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	290	115	175	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	270	125	150	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	270	120	155	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	545	235	315	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,490	1,285	1,205	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	2,010	1,015	1,000	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	38,760	20,480	18,280	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	35,830	18,990	16,835	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	1,520	885	635	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	3,905	2,065	1,840	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	12,900	6,900	6,000	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	20	15	10	905	490	420
Konkani	40	30	10	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	275	170	105	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	600	285	315	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	10	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,900	12,035	10,865	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	150	85	65	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	920	500	420	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	4,600	2,540	2,060	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	3,035	1,525	1,515	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	600	295	305	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	290	135	150	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	2,295	1,175	1,120	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	230	125	105	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	34,360	16,630	17,735	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	15	10	10	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	5,350	2,610	2,735	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	8,460	4,125	4,335	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	785	395	390	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	20,605	9,910	10,695	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	60	45	15	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	1,160	550	605	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	10	0	15	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	15	0	15	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	4,240	2,100	2,145	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	55	20	35	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	55	20	30	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	7,970	4,125	3,845	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	260	165	95	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	160	95	65	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	95	60	30	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	50	30	20	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	25	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	30	10	15	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	230	110	120	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	665	345	325	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	655	315	345	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	205	105	105	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	155	155	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	250	110	140	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	1,930	1,020	905	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	150	85	70	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	2,630	1,330	1,295	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,440	765	680	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	410	225	185	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	180	105	75	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	120	105	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	2,670	985	1,685	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	1,710	625	1,090	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	975	365	610	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,130	10,490	10,650	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	20,475	10,185	10,285	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	8,310	3,920	4,390	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	50	30	20	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	12,825	6,460	6,365	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	480	230	250	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	185	95	85	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,115	600	510	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	675	310	370	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	185	115	70	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	465	200	265	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	60	80	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	1,565	730	835	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	1,120	520	600	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	575	270	305	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	115	50	65
Turkic languages	510	250	265	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	50	25	30	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	365	180	185	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	30	15	10	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	40	20	15	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	1,550	730	815	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	45	20	25	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	265	105	160	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	1,235	600	635	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	445	290	150	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,133,080	560,165	572,920	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	266,225	136,640	129,585	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	866,855	423,520	443,335	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	107,620	54,280	53,340	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,240,700	614,445	626,255	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	996,860	494,285	502,570	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	227,465	111,095	116,365	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	50,025	23,340	26,680	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	20,205	10,190	10,010	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	23,040	11,165	11,875	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	70,985	35,305	35,680	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	22,570	11,195	11,370	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	48,415	24,110	24,305	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	63,210	31,095	32,120	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	16,375	9,055	7,320	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	227,470	111,100	116,370	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	25,595	12,975	12,625	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	45,570	23,305	22,265	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	44,585	20,820	23,770	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	93,700	45,160	48,540	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	18,010	8,845	9,170	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	227,465	111,095	116,365	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	31,980	15,285	16,700	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	435	170	265	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	1,050	510	545	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	2,480	1,325	1,155	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	1,135	515	620	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	155	75	80	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	1,810	835	970	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	6,655	3,330	3,320	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	235	85	150	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	1,505	785	720	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,100	3,100	4,000	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	9,425	4,550	4,875	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	56,705	27,815	28,890	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,055	530	525	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	975	445	535	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	795	425	365	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	10,390	5,215	5,175	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	820	445	375	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	815	435	375	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	650	310	340	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	2,755	1,405	1,350	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	2,250	1,185	1,060	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	5,280	2,455	2,820	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	4,380	2,170	2,210	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	720	345	375	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	4,245	2,035	2,210	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	355	175	175	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	4,765	2,250	2,515	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,665	5,655	6,015	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	4,790	2,325	2,470	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	17,975	9,495	8,485	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	115	60	55	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	980	525	455	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	2,525	1,360	1,165	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	935	470	465	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	250	140	110	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	3,820	2,070	1,750	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	755	350	415	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	975	465	505	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	7,630	4,055	3,570	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	120,230	58,215	62,015	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	615	285	330	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	880	475	400	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,250	4,460	4,790	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,460	715	735	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	21,990	11,395	10,595	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,180	655	530	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	860	460	400	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	225	70	150	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,880	1,415	1,470	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	265	165	100	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	3,125	1,675	1,450	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	61,950	28,800	33,150	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	1,015	515	505	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	805	390	410	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	215	110	110	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	4,225	2,035	2,185	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	9,285	4,590	4,695	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	575	290	280	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	63,210	31,095	32,115	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	4,130	1,840	2,290	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	100	35	65	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	185	70	120	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	75	25	55	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	15	10	0	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	340	175	165	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	875	415	465	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	970	445	525	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	75	30	40	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	1,490	640	850	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	5,155	2,650	2,505	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	135	70	75	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	580	310	265	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	80	60	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	160	85	70	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	70	30	35	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	1,145	530	610	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	1,320	670	650	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	550	290	265	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	1,060	590	470	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	7,860	4,120	3,735	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	20	10	10	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	65	45	20	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	740	360	380	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	415	220	190	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	795	430	360	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	810	425	380	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	70	30	35	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	2,630	1,415	1,215	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	385	160	215	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	225	110	120	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	65	45	20	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	1,555	820	735	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	45,915	22,395	23,520	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	60	35	25	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	360	195	170	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,390	1,635	1,760	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	185	105	80	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	10,915	5,675	5,240	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	425	230	195	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	330	175	155	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	595	340	260	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	45	25	25	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,300	665	640	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	140	100	35	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	210	70	140	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	1,535	800	735	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	22,885	10,645	12,245	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	325	145	180	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	250	140	115	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	635	325	310	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	20	0	10	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	40	30	10	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	495	220	275	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	1,650	785	870	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	80	70	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	80	25	60	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	55	15	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,240,695	614,440	626,260	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	249,625	123,035	126,585	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	197,530	97,135	100,395	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	793,545	394,265	399,280	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	180,810	89,380	91,425	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	119,845	60,680	59,165	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	44,415	27,435	16,980	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75,430	33,250	42,185	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	39,875	17,355	22,525	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	20,550	11,155	9,395	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	540	195	345	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	223,310	108,495	114,815	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	220,470	107,145	113,330	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	130,510	62,955	67,550	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	89,355	43,895	45,465	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	610	295	310	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,020	985	1,030	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	820	365	450	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,017,385	505,945	511,445	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	127,250	61,300	65,950	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,113,450	553,140	560,305	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	110,630	53,980	56,645	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	108,055	52,775	55,285	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	93,070	45,490	47,580	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	14,835	7,210	7,625	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	155	75	80	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	2,570	1,205	1,365	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,495	1,160	1,335	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	50	30	15	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	114,605	55,480	59,120	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	107,535	52,250	55,285	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,265	19,440	20,820	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	66,810	32,600	34,215	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	460	210	250	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	7,070	3,235	3,835	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,800	3,100	3,705	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	65	55	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	80	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,015,465	504,980	510,485	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	216,850	108,315	108,530	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	42,060	22,200	19,855	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	22,540	11,340	11,195	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	30,335	15,790	14,550	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	79,815	37,935	41,885	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	9,895	4,840	5,050	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	5,030	2,705	2,325	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	8,565	4,155	4,410	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,695	1,420	1,270	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	4,375	2,195	2,180	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	1,850	880	975	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,195	1,610	1,590	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	6,485	3,235	3,250	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,023,850	506,125	517,725	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	225,230	109,465	115,770	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	142,820	69,305	73,510	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	955	460	500	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	91,120	44,150	46,970	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	247,670	123,075	124,600	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	645	325	320	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	9,220	4,605	4,615	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	240,835	119,610	121,225	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	215	130	90	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	20	20	0	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	280	150	125	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	10	25	1,895	950	945
European origins	826,210	406,770	419,445	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	421,515	206,840	214,675	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	45	25	25	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	85	45	40	1,975	995	975
English	245,960	119,975	125,985	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	156,145	74,290	81,850	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	200	100	100	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	208,065	100,790	107,265	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	17,760	8,575	9,180	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	19,610	9,260	10,355	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	148,810	72,060	76,750	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	20	15	15	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	120	40	75	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	0	10	0	1,750	950	805
French	148,740	72,020	76,720	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	286,985	141,285	145,705	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	12,325	6,190	6,135	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	15	10	0	940	485	455
Belgian	21,510	10,495	11,020	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	55,525	27,375	28,150	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	965	445	515	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	140	75	55	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	220,735	108,650	112,080	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	155	65	90	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	5,475	2,660	2,810	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	65	75	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,295	38,580	41,720	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	7,895	3,850	4,050	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	4,000	1,905	2,095	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	31,090	15,265	15,825	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	19,600	9,145	10,455	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	22,470	10,530	11,945	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,540	1,260	1,285	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	287,695	141,310	146,380	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	330	190	145	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	885	430	455	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	4,590	2,165	2,425	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,155	1,120	1,040	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	190	80	115	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	10,120	4,990	5,125	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	1,365	655	715	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	1,455	750	705	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	325	170	160	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	88,090	42,670	45,420	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	5,835	2,790	3,045	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	58,225	28,625	29,605	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	2,190	1,055	1,135	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	180,055	88,615	91,445	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	895	415	480	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	59,915	29,445	30,470	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	415	220	195	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	1,030	505	520	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	15	0	15	1,280	740	535
Croatian	2,930	1,430	1,500	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	45	25	15	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	4,130	2,070	2,060	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	23,210	11,675	11,530	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	45	20	25	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	225	120	110	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	360	165	195	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	40	10	30	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	14,540	7,215	7,320	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	1,240	660	580	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	235	110	125	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	1,005	485	520	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	12,625	5,680	6,945	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,060	540	525	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	40	30	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	10,950	5,550	5,400	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	100	65	35	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	8,455	4,250	4,200	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	155	70	85	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	185	100	85	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,130	1,090	1,040	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	10,805	5,355	5,450	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	60	20	40	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	60	35	25	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	740	390	350	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	40	30	15	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	65	30	40	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	340	155	190	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	275	145	135	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	160	85	80	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,125	515	605
Haitian	235	90	150	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	4,585	2,250	2,335	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	0	0	0	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	70	25	45	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	30	20	15	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,395	1,240	1,160	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	190	90	105	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,465	705	760	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	665	360	305	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	23,115	11,555	11,565	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	650	330	320	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	10	10	10	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	475	230	245	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	200	105	100	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	300	160	140	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	830	375	455	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	1,520	720	795	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	1,400	680	715	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	65	40	25	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	125	70	55	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	505	240	260	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	1,485	770	715	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	425	210	220	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	520	245	280	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	220	135	80	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	8,790	4,440	4,350	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	370	200	170	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	50	10	40	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	2,080	1,070	1,010	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	350	130	225	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	2,735	1,425	1,315	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	35	10	20	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	240	95	150	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,045	525	520	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	28,860	14,980	13,885	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	8,665	4,585	4,085	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	35	10	25	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	10	10	0	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	25	10	10	1,585	855	735
Beninese	55	45	0	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	20	10	10	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	145	80	70	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	10	10	0	1,845	955	885
Congolese	1,575	785	790	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	130	85	45	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	15	10	10	845	470	375
Gabonese	25	20	10	1,405	660	750
Gambian	10	0	10	975	495	475
Ghanaian	380	220	170	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	70	20	50	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	435	205	225	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	120	45	75	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	80	20	55	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	140	85	55	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	35	20	10	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	3,860	2,130	1,735	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	25	15	15	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	115	70	40	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	320	155	165	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	115	60	55	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	25	10	15	840	495	345
Yoruba	1,050	540	510	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	545	260	285	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	3,690	1,980	1,705	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	100	35	60	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	150	90	55	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	85	45	40	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	30	25	10	900	500	400
Egyptian	1,335	720	620	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	360	175	185	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	100	70	30	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	350	190	160	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	1,075	580	500	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	130	65	60	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	40	35	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	10,500	5,420	5,080	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	65	40	30	1,870	955	915
Amhara	140	100	45	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	150	90	65	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	235	110	125	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	45	30	15	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	2,300	1,240	1,055	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	2,900	1,505	1,395	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	0	0	0	665	355	305
Kenyan	335	165	170	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	25	15	10	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	245	125	115	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	325	185	140	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	300	145	155	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	45	20	30	1,285	575	710
Somali	1,740	900	845	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	730	310	420	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	90	55	30	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	320	200	120	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	255	125	130	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	200	95	110	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	310	150	160	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	30	15	10	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	440	230	210	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	6,670	3,350	3,325	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	825	405	415	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	5,925	2,965	2,965	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	178,655	88,885	89,765	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	11,850	6,130	5,715	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	1,010	485	530	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,755	975	785	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	495	250	250	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	40	30	10	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	55	35	20	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	110	60	45	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	0	0	0	1,515	810	705
Iranian	1,885	1,015	870	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	925	480	450	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	775	410	360	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	235	100	135	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	335	185	145	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	305	145	160	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	40	20	25	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	45	30	20	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	1,375	700	675	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	620	340	275	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	65	25	40	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	170	95	70	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	1,115	535	580	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	55	20	40	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	310	155	155	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	655	315	340	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	10	0	0	1,040	540	500
Uighur	10	10	0	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	70	45	20	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	100	45	55	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	305	145	155	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	43,155	22,710	20,440	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	880	500	385	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	200	115	85	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	140	55	85	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	34,470	18,110	16,355	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	50	30	30	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	220	120	100	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	30	10	15	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	500	250	250	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	3,370	1,795	1,575	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	3,830	1,995	1,840	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	280	145	135	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	1,090	545	545	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	245	145	105	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	725	415	305	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	124,100	60,175	63,925	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	260	125	135	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	525	280	240	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	30,150	14,980	15,170	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	83,530	39,955	43,580	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	0	0	0	805	420	390
Indonesian	530	265	265	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	2,675	1,305	1,365	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	455	195	255	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	4,545	2,300	2,240	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	1,730	820	910	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	470	240	230	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	150	60	90	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	20	10	10	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	150	90	60	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	750	335	420	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	15	10	10	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	5,850	2,915	2,935	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	70	80	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	575	320	260	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	575	320	260	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	1,525	740	785	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	910	415	495	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	315	170	140	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	345	180	165	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	80	45	30	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	60	30	30	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	55	30	25	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	95	45	45	1,530	725	805
Samoan	25	0	15	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	65	30	35	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	489,050	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	336,170	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	140,260	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	12,620	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	489,050	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	33,325	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	455,725	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	489,050	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	3,745	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	63,040	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	121,520	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	175,500	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	125,240	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	489,050	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	132,410	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	82,935	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	78,750	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	64,560	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	130,400	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	489,050	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	473,625	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	15,420	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	489,050	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	456,365	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	32,680	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	489,050	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	142,200	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	158,180	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	65,190	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	42,740	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	20,815	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	27,880	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	32,035	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	489,050	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	444,995	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	44,055	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	489,050	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	290,830	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,775	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10,445	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	489,050	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	17,240	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	74,950	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	84,800	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	95,135	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	96,255	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	67,475	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	37,760	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	15,440	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	461,870	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	373,860	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	88,010	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	76,075	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	324,120	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.4	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	973	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	275,473	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,444	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	138,905	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.4	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.9	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	868	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	891	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	220,390	116,570	103,820	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	296,355	147,040	149,320	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	484,555	227,975	256,585	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	77,000	54,090	22,910	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	37,490	21,985	15,500	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,515	32,110	7,410	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	177,620	72,785	104,840	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,940	12,075	16,860	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	200,990	89,020	111,970	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	143,780	61,350	82,430	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	16,040	6,675	9,365	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,105	3,515	2,595	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	29,305	13,830	15,470	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,765	3,645	2,115	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	654,670	323,300	331,370	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	94,310	54,700	39,610	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	182,335	93,000	89,330	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	378,030	175,595	202,435	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	53,800	38,185	15,620	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	25,955	15,460	10,490	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,850	22,725	5,125	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	137,930	57,445	80,485	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,215	8,995	12,220	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	165,085	70,970	94,115	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	119,150	50,120	69,035	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,185	4,840	7,350	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,075	2,705	2,370	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	24,410	10,815	13,595	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,270	2,495	1,770	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	516,750	263,605	253,140	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	44,855	11,705	33,145	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	44,855	11,710	33,145	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,170	6,230	6,940	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,415	1,860	550	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	10,755	4,365	6,390	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	23,030	9,915	13,110	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,775	400	1,380	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	3,905	1,110	2,795	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,065	2,820	4,240	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	30	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,590	940	650	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,510	2,590	1,925	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	3,410	1,855	1,555	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	705	175	530	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	46,555	15,805	30,750	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	880	220	660	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,115	1,225	1,890	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,760	795	9,965	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	7,130	2,365	4,760	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	955	305	650	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	8,155	2,385	5,770	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	15,565	8,510	7,055	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	95,115	34,865	60,255	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	320	105	210	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,670	1,875	5,790	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	87,125	32,875	54,250	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,120	8,165	7,950	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,625	2,990	3,640	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,325	2,285	2,040	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	470	70	395	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	3,685	2,585	1,095	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,020	240	780	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,425	11,380	7,050	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,225	10,050	5,175	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	1,140	175	965	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,945	1,080	865	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	120	75	40	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	96,625	89,275	7,350	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	2,420	1,380	1,040	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	16,205	13,530	2,675	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,815	15,975	1,845	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	22,160	21,705	450	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	27,485	26,650	830	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	10,530	10,030	505	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,540	10,260	4,275	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,380	8,280	3,100	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,160	1,980	1,180	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	87,795	16,505	71,290	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,105	1,945	2,155	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	81,865	13,450	68,415	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,825	1,110	715	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	28,275	13,845	14,435	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	16,750	4,095	12,655	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	240	230	10	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	5,005	3,680	1,330	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,185	5,750	435	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	60	30	35	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	25	35	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	654,670	323,300	331,375	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	276,645	147,710	128,935	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	31,645	7,860	23,785	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	31,650	7,865	23,785	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,350	4,875	5,475	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,815	1,335	480	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	8,540	3,545	4,990	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	17,250	7,370	9,880	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,485	330	1,155	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	2,930	810	2,120	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,420	2,245	3,180	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	30	30	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,230	715	515	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,255	1,835	1,420	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	2,365	1,275	1,090	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	505	135	370	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	38,120	12,380	25,740	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	740	185	555	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,575	965	1,610	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,805	605	8,195	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	6,085	1,795	4,285	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	815	265	550	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	6,370	1,720	4,645	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	12,730	6,835	5,895	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	76,370	27,865	48,495	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	270	95	175	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,145	1,335	4,810	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	69,950	26,440	43,510	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,195	5,930	6,270	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,290	2,265	3,025	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,005	1,595	1,405	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	405	65	345	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	2,805	1,855	950	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	690	150	545	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,955	9,965	5,985	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,600	9,015	4,585	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	790	135	650	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,465	760	700	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	60	45	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	73,680	67,440	6,240	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	2,025	1,160	865	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	13,705	11,305	2,405	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,840	12,265	1,575	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	16,060	15,690	365	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,395	19,765	625	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	7,655	7,250	405	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,450	7,800	3,645	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	8,760	6,170	2,590	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,695	1,635	1,060	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	69,600	13,415	56,185	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,310	1,585	1,715	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	64,870	11,020	53,850	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,430	810	620	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	21,365	10,660	10,705	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	12,255	2,980	9,275	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	0	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	4,025	2,945	1,080	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,885	4,545	340	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	50	30	25	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	25	25	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	516,750	263,610	253,145	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	484,555	227,975	256,585	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	403,775	188,230	215,540	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	352,390	162,050	190,340	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	51,385	26,185	25,200	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	80,785	39,745	41,040	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	9,155	4,910	4,245	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	26,450	11,595	14,860	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	10,365	5,300	5,070	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,180	2,350	1,825	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,865	1,330	1,535	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	395	235	165	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	27,375	14,030	13,345	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	654,670	323,300	331,375	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	276,640	147,705	128,935	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	378,035	175,595	202,440	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	309,655	142,710	166,950	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	270,435	123,090	147,340	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	39,225	19,615	19,610	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	68,375	32,885	35,485	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,215	3,005	3,210	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	24,495	10,775	13,720	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	9,430	4,770	4,660	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,465	1,385	1,080	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,630	1,210	1,420	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	340	195	145	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	22,805	11,555	11,255	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	662,155	347,685	314,465	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	617,465	322,130	295,335	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	44,690	25,560	19,130	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	339,155	143,895	195,260	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	66.1	70.7	61.7	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	61.7	65.5	57.9	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.4	6.1	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,001,310	491,585	509,725	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	312,495	131,600	180,900	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	688,810	359,980	328,830	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	358,800	206,460	152,330	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	330,010	153,520	176,495	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.5	42.3	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	662,155	347,685	314,465	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	649,530	341,560	307,965	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	580,885	296,560	284,325	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	68,645	45,000	23,640	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	662,155	347,690	314,470	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,565	307,965	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	71,455	45,945	25,510	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	96,050	27,530	68,515	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	34,135	26,895	7,240	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	52,280	10,830	41,450	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	86,055	27,425	58,630	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,355	6,025	8,325	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	144,490	62,735	81,760	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	102,660	97,500	5,160	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,400	14,490	3,910	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	29,650	22,180	7,475	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	662,155	347,685	314,465	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,120	6,500	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,560	307,965	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	28,680	20,765	7,920	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,460	4,830	635	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	7,390	5,625	1,765	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	49,575	43,990	5,585	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	54,645	40,800	13,845	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	21,890	16,040	5,850	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	69,700	33,960	35,740	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35,490	28,350	7,145	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	10,875	6,085	4,790	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	25,885	9,615	16,270	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,235	4,565	3,670	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,470	14,790	13,680	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	635	250	380	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,285	13,105	9,170	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	55,025	17,480	37,540	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	93,960	18,345	75,615	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	12,980	6,620	6,360	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	43,655	17,430	26,230	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,055	13,740	14,315	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	46,645	25,180	21,465	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	617,465	322,125	295,335	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	42,530	23,485	19,050	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	1,935	1,305	630	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	68,420	52,715	15,710	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	504,580	244,620	259,960	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	504,580	244,620	259,960	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	384,465	181,650	202,820	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	50,350	23,760	26,580	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	66,495	37,055	29,435	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	3,275	2,150	1,120	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	573,005	297,335	275,665	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	431,755	237,860	193,895	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	40,595	14,520	26,070	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	53,740	21,780	31,955	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	32,330	13,815	18,520	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	8,175	5,670	2,505	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	6,410	3,695	2,715	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	573,000	297,340	275,665	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	185,120	87,795	97,320	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	208,570	108,680	99,890	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	115,090	63,555	51,535	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	36,755	20,485	16,270	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	27,470	16,820	10,650	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	573,000	297,335	275,665	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,060	20,145	7,915	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	104,545	65,630	38,925	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	168,760	90,125	78,630	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	126,090	50,885	75,200	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	53,120	22,305	30,810	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	92,430	48,240	44,190	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	710,830	370,255	340,575	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	702,445	366,000	336,445	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	694,855	361,770	333,090	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	688,400	359,660	328,730	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	6,455	2,100	4,355	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	7,590	4,235	3,360	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	1,815	1,025	800	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	1,755	990	755	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	985	565	420	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	980	565	415	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	770	430	335	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	230	125	110	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	535	310	230	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	55	25	30	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	30	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	55	30	30	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	10	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	10	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,770	3,215	2,560	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	155	145	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	30	10	20	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	25	20
Somali	30	10	20	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	270	145	125	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	15	0	10	200	95	100
Arabic	105	70	40	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	35	25	10	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	35	100	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	475	230	245
Vietnamese	140	35	100	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	485	245	240	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	0	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	470	235	240	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Creole languages	10	0	10	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	90	50	45
Tamil	0	0	0	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	0	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	3,115	1,865	1,255	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	0	0	0	350	220	125
Armenian	10	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	480	245	235	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	480	245	235	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	155	90	65
Bulgarian	0	0	0	205	110	90
Croatian	0	0	0	220	130	95
Czech	0	0	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	0	0	95	45	55
Polish	65	50	20	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	280	145	135	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	0	0	0	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	0	0	0	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	110	40	70	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	1,300	790	505	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	10	10	0	85	40	40
Danish	0	0	0	90	50	35
Dutch	40	10	30	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	950	585	370	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	65	30	40
Swedish	0	10	0	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	290	185	105	720	495	225
Greek	0	0	0	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	755	505	260	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	685	455	225	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	20	0	15	530	275	245
Gujarati	10	10	10	880	300	585
Hindi	40	40	0	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	10	0	0	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	605	400	210	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Urdu	10	0	10	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	75	45	30	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	10	10	10	185	150	40
Pashto	0	0	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	65	45	20	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	580	330	245	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	20	10	10	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	330	215	115	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	10	10	0	745	365	380
Spanish	220	100	125	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	10	0	0	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Georgian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Korean	305	150	150	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	10	0	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	210	80	135	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	155	65	95	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	55	15	45	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,170	650	515	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	1,160	650	515	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	690	380	315	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	0	0	0	70	25	45
Mandarin	440	255	185	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10	270	155	115
Burmese	0	0	0	75	35	35
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	675	270	405
Lao	10	0	10	150	70	80
Thai	0	0	0	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	0
Turkish	0	0	0	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	0	0	0	105	40	65
Hungarian	0	0	0	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	8,390	4,255	4,125	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	2,655	1,150	1,505	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	5,680	3,085	2,590	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	10	0	0	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	45	20	30	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	710,835	370,255	340,575	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	662,595	346,710	315,885	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	8,550	3,690	4,855	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	13,320	5,825	7,495	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	25,960	13,815	12,145	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	6,500	3,245	3,255	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	19,460	10,575	8,890	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	10	0	10	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	65	45	20	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	335	160	175	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,225,480	606,585	618,895	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	1,064,380	527,020	537,360	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	161,100	79,570	81,535	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	105,090	52,025	53,065	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	56,010	27,545	28,465	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	41,305	20,285	21,020	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	30,395	14,720	15,675	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	10,915	5,565	5,345	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	14,705	7,260	7,445	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,161,240	573,310	587,930	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	718,640	355,585	363,050	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	442,600	217,725	224,875	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	261,015	128,560	132,455	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	181,585	89,165	92,420	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	117,135	56,880	60,260	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	86,295	41,295	45,000	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	30,840	15,580	15,260	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	64,445	32,285	32,165	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

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Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

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Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

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Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

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Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Manitoba [Province] and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Canada [Country]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Canada [Country]